2012-06-15

A Black Nobility Bloodline, Part 2 of 5 - The Windsor wealth


*** Please note what they have done to this blog that they do not want you to read.  I have fixed it about 4 times now, but check back, if they do it again, as I will continue to fix it again and again.  That means we should make sure we read it thoroughly.   See vatic Note.  Will try to fix this and see if they mess with it again.  Thanks for your patience on this and sticking with it..... This has not been easy for any of us, but our day is coming.  I have a feeling and its that we will prevail in the end.  They are under the gun all over the globe.  Israel is in the middle of a quarter million of her citizens marching in the streets.... same is happening all over the globe, so this ain't gonna be as easy as they want.  PEOPLE ARE WAKING UP BIG TIME. Also keep in mind TYRANNY, HISTORICALLY, HAS NEVER EVER PREVAILED. 

Vatic Note:  Whatever we may have speculated or guessed about the royal family, pales in comparison to the scummy things they have done to obtain their wealth... and these are the people who want to run the globe???  I say....."LET  THEM EAT CAKE".  lol  

Another great expose of the pond scum that constitutes our elite.  If I ever felt less than these people, which I never have, but if I had, I would never feel so again after reading how pathetic, psychopathic and truly morally bancrupt they are.  I can hardly wait til we get to  Part III about power. 

My biggest image of these people was a public event in which the Queen, Prince Charles and Prince Phillip were all standing on a balcony waving to the crowd and Prince Phillip must have let a good one go, because the Queen, Prince charles and everyone on the balcony turned and gave the Prince a horrible look,  while he was grinning ear to ear.  He is a massive huge racist too.  A true nazi.  It shows that wealth and power cannot mask a lack of character and class.  They definitely lack BOTH.  But this is a must read all the way through just to show you how our subsidies to Israel pales in comparison to what we subsidize as taxpayers to the Queen.   We are still under her control.  At least financially and her banks got  bailed out with our tax money.  Its beginning to appear that the only countries we should ever go to war against who are now proven enemies of our people, are Israel and now Great Britain.

All the Queen’s forces and all the Queen’s men - A Black Nobility Bloodline,  Part 2 of 5 - The Windsor wealth
 

The Windsors ( VN:  A name they adopted in 1917 or so from their German Name to make is sound more British since they were being viewed as not caring about the British, rather their own personal welfare) are wealthy beyond description. The Queen’s title of the ‘richest woman in the world’ hardly tells the story and no wonder Prince Philip calls the Windsors ‘the family firm’. They have inherited the accumulated wealth of the Queen’s Black Nobility ancestors in land, homes, art treasures and jewels.

Some of them the Queen owns and others are officially owned by the ‘state’, which, as a result, she can pass on untaxed to each generation of her family. Ownership by the state means ownership by the Black Nobility which controls the state.

This is just some of the Windsor booty:    The Queen has more than 300 residences, including castles or palaces like Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace (where Diana lived), St James Palace, (the London base of Prince Charles), Holyrood House in Edinburgh, Balmoral Castle in Scotland and Sandringham in Norfolk where Diana first met Prince Charles. She owns the Duchy of Lancaster with around 40,000 acres of land, mostly agricultural, but including prime development sites of enormous value.


Parliament passed a bill in 1988 to allow her to develop and sell some of this land around the Strand in London. Like much of her wealth, the contents of the Duchy of Lancaster was stolen, in this case from Simon de Montfort junior by the son of Henry III after de Montfort’s efforts to establish a strong parliament were defeated in 1265. If you look at the records you will probably find that the de Montforts stole it from someone else. The Windsors own another Duchy, that of Cornwall, administered by Prince Charles.

This is another 44,000 acres which also includes plots in the most expensive parts of London. The Queen has inherited or purchased the world’s biggest private collection of jewels. The Koh-i-noor Diamond, then the world’s largest, was presented to Queen Victoria after the East India Company had defeated the Maharajah of the Punjab in 1851. The Cullinen Diamond was a peace offering to British royalty after the Boer War in South Africa which was engineered by Cecil Rhodes, Alfred Milner, the Rothschilds and the Round Table.


Other gifts have come from Arab oil sheikhs and various heads of state. More than 7,000 paintings and 20,000 drawings by old masters are owned by the Royal Collection Trust which the Queen controls. She privately owns a vast collection of other works and all this will be passed down the Windsor line when she dies, unless the nation wakes up and brings an end to the monarchy.

No-one knows what the Windsors really own because it is forbidden for Parliament even to discuss the fact that the Queen keeps her private wealth a secret.19 Such secrecy is vital to prevent outrage by her ‘subjects’ and to allow her to use her privilege for insider trading, a practice which is illegal. Insider trading is to be in a position to hear privileged information which could be used to make a financial killing and then to use that knowledge to do just that.

The Queen, with her colossal portfolio of global investments, is in the perfect position to make unlimited profits. She is constantly kept informed, via meetings with prime ministers, ministers, officials, British Intelligence and other sources, of the secret happenings in the world. She knows through these channels and others, where the best and worst investments are going to be and through her secret network she can ensure that the most effective financial use is made of that information. It was exposed in 1977 that the Bank of England, the creation of the Black Nobility, had established a company called the Bank of England Nominees Ltd (BOEN), to hide the Queen’s investments.20

The Windsor line has had a particularly profitable relationship with the City of London since the reign of Edward VII, the son of Queen Victoria. Edward’s leading financial advisor was Ernest Cassel, the Black Nobility banker. 


Cassel’s daughter and heiress, Edwina, would marry Lord Louis Mountbatten, the foremost influence on both Prince Philip and Prince Charles. 


Edward VII, a leading Freemason, was also close to the Rothschilds, the Sassoons (an offshoot of the Rothschild bloodline), and the American Payseur-Rothschild clones, Morgan and Harriman. Other financial names with long royal associations are Barings and Morgan Grenfell.

The private financial advisor to George VI, the father of Queen Elizabeth, was Sir Edward Peacock of Barings Bank and the Bank of England. The King awarded Peacock a Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, so the advice was obviously very profitable. George VI also made Lord Cromer his Lord Chamberlain, the highest rank in the Royal Household. Cromer was at one time managing director of Barings.

Researchers like Philip Beresford, the author of The Book Of The British Rich, say that Queen Elizabeth invests in the major corporations like Rio Tinto (formerly Rio Tinto Zinc or RTZ), Royal Dutch Shell, ICI and General Electric. This makes sense because these are all pillars of the Black Nobility. The Queen appears to have substantial investments in Rio Tinto, the biggest mining company in the world.

It was established in 1873 by Hugh Matheson of the global drug running operation called Jardine Matheson. Rio Tinto was in at the start of North Sea oil and, along with Texaco, was using the refineries of BP in which the Queen is also believed to have major investments. The Queen would have made enormous profits at each point in the operation and she would have had insider knowledge of the North Sea potential.

Perhaps the most blatant conflict of interest to be identified was Rio Tinto’s involvement in a cartel formed in 1971 to fix the price of uranium. A federal grand jury and the 1976 US Senate Foreign Relations Committee, chaired by Frank Church, exposed the sting. It also included a company called Mary Kathleen Uranium of Australia. This company had been secretly encouraging the Aborigines to occupy uranium lands in Australia to take them out of production and so raise the price on the world market.21

The manufactured shortage of uranium had a serious effect on the American Westinghouse company who sought to take legal action against Rio Tinto for price rigging. An American court ordered that Rio Tinto officials answer questions, but this was quashed by the British Law Lords (Black Nobility and their clones). The Australian government passed legislation to the same effect. This was after the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, had been dismissed from office by the Queen’s Governor General of Australia, Sir John Kerr. Whitlam was pursuing a policy of buying out the mining and raw material cartels, like Rio Tinto and Anglo-American, to stop them raping Australia’s resource base, while giving nothing in return.  (VN:  And Australia and Canada actually believe they are free countries, run by the people.  Now we know since the Queen can get rid of someone elected by the people, if she so chooses, so these countries are not independent and free.  They are monarchys'. 

The Queen, with enormous investments in both companies, removed Whitlam by using some of her wide range of ‘Prerogative Powers’ which she can instigate when necessary. The Queen has no power these days? Sure. Part of the scam is to encourage people to believe that she has no power while giving her amazing powers should the need arise for emergency action by the Brotherhood.

Sir John Kerr, a former high level operative for British Intelligence, an arm of the Black Nobility, was made a member of the Privy Council and the Royal Victorian Order for his loyal and most profitable service to the Queen’s portfolio. He was later murdered, however, when there was a danger of the truth coming out about the removal of Gough Whitlam.22

The Queen has massive investments in America and many of these relate to the founding of the Virginia Company under James I and Sir Francis Bacon which carved up those lands from the very start. The British Crown still owns America (possibly on behalf of the Vatican) and, with the London-based Brotherhood, the Queen enjoys an amazing income from the raw materials (VN:  The queen is to "uranium" what DeBeers is to diamonds, that's why they want the nuke wars, so she makes more money....) and other profits generated by the United States (the Virginia Company).

In 1966 two US congressmen described in the congressional record how the Queen owned one of the world’s largest plantations in Scott, Mississippi, close to the Arkansas border, called the Delta and Pine Land Company. It was worth even at that time some $44.5 million and yet it paid its hundreds of black labourers a pittance. Note the name, too. Delta (the triangle or pyramid) is a major symbol which is why the Elite US Military unit is called Delta Force.

The pornography collection in the Library of Congress is known as the Delta Collection (VN: Told ya they were perverts, addicts and soulless, that's why they will fail in their efforts) and the Delta, or Triad, is featured in the logos of hundreds of American businesses, including Delta Airlines. Not by coincidence Delta is also the symbol of Royal Arch Freemasonry. This is where the name of the Chinese organized crime operation, the Triads (triangle), comes from and the Elite grouping called the Trilateral Commission. When Adnan Khashoggi, the notorious global arms dealer, opened an American branch of his operation he called it Triad America. Khashoggi, a relative of the Fayeds', is an associate of George Bush, who is a close friend of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

From 1968 the Queen’s Delta and Pine company attracted US government subsidies of $1.5 million. (VN:  I just discovered that the Delta and Pine Co. had penalties for bribery  and its now been made part of Monsanto. So the question is, "did she get shares of Monsanto in return for the Delta & Pine co?" Is she right up there with Gates?) 

Senator McIntyre said in Congress on April 16th 1970 that the government had “Paid the Queen $120,000 for not planting cotton on farmland she owns in Mississippi” 23 The New Yorker Magazine also reported that the Queen is the biggest owner of slum property in New York City and her holdings include the theatre district, 42nd Street.24 (VN:  It stuns one to realize just how much we don't know and how pervasive the thieving of our taxes has been going on by these elite.  I am floored and disgusted.  Things will change and that is for sure.  The Queen also is the largest private land owner in Colorado state which includes land under the Denver Airport....hmmmm).

It is reckoned that between 3,000 and 5,000 families own and control the world economy, but the number of people at the core of that control is far, far fewer: a relative handful. The Windsors are definitely among or very close to that inner circle Elite.  (VN:  With that few, we can handle this and take care of the problem, absolutely no doubt about it and do so globally, yes, I am far more encouraged than I have ever been since this all began).   This Brotherhood cartel controls every aspect of the global economic network, the banks, insurance companies, raw materials, transportation, factories, finished products, major retail groups (and by market rigging all the rest), the stock and material markets, governments, media, intelligence agencies and so on.

This is coordinated through the secret societies and one of their most important vehicles is the City of London-House of Windsor operation called the Club of the Isles. It was named after King Edward VII, Queen Victoria’s son, who was the first to carry the title Prince of the Isles. 


The title is held today by Prince Charles. Edward was heavily involved with Black Nobility barons of the Square Mile London financial district and helped them to engineer the Crimean War, the Russia-Japan War, the preparations for the First World War and the Opium Wars with China.

Through the central organization of the Club of the Isles comes the fantastic web of interlocking directorships which hold apparently independent’ companies in a network of common control and common agenda. Some of this web include:
  • The Bank of England
  • Anglo-American Corp of South Africa
  • Rio Tinto
  • Minorco Minerals and Resources Corp
  • De Beers Consolidated Mines and De Beers Centenary AG
  • N.M. Rothchild Bank
  • Barclays Bank
  • Lloyds Bank
  • Lloyds Insurance Market
  • Midland Bank
  • National Westminster Bank
  • Barings Bank
  • Schroders Bank
  • Standard Chartered Bank
  • Hambros Bank
  • S. G. Warburg
  • Toronto Dominion Bank
  • Johnson Matthey
  • Klienwort Benson Group
  • Lazard Brothers
  • Lonrho
  • J. P. Morgan and Co
  • Morgan Grenfell Group
  • British Petroleum
  • Shell and Royal Dutch Petroleum
  • Cadbury-Schweppes
  • BAT Industries
  • Assicurazioni Generali SpA, (Venice) Italy
  • Courtaulds
  • General Electric  (VN:  remember this was the company that was going to poison us with Mercury bulbs? So is she part of the depopulation plan?  I guess so)
  • Cazeenove and Co
  • Grand Metropolitan
  • Hanson plc
  • HSBS Holdings (Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank)
  • Imperial Chemical Industries
  • Inchscape plc
    Inco Ltd
  • ING Group
  • Jardine Matheson
  • Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Co (P & 0)
  • Pilkington Glass
  • Reuters Holdings
  • Glaxo Wellcome
    SmithKline Beecham  (VN: Hmmm, Drug co's that are tainting our vaccines that are mandatory)
  • Unilever and Unilever NV
  • Vickers plc
And that is just a few of them! Each of these corporations have staggering lists of subsidiaries going on for page after page. Lonrho alone at the time of writing has 640 subsidiaries.

These London-based operations connect with those in other developed and developing countries giving the Black Nobility-Windsor cartels control over world banking and mineral, energy and food production. One of the Black Nobility companies in the United States is Archer Daniels Midland, headed by the Bilderberger, Dwayne Andreas, one of the main financial backers of the deeply corrupt US politician, Bob Dole, who so meekly ‘opposed’ the Brotherhood choice, Bill Clinton, in the 1996 presidential election.

The Black Nobility has made the City of London the world financial centre since its arrival en masse with William of Orange. Today this centre is home to over a quarter of the world’s foreign exchange turnover and the London Stock Exchange lists more foreign companies than any other. Ninety per cent of cross-exchange trading in Europe is handled by the City and it is the world’s biggest issuer of Eurobonds.

The leading commodity futures markets in Europe are based here, as are the London Metal Exchange, the International Financial Petroleum Exchange and the London Commodity Exchange. I understand from contacts in America that it is through organizations like the London Metal Exchange that profits from the Virginia Company (United States of America) are channelled back to London. The City is the centre for international marine, aviation, and commercial insurance and reinsurance.

The City dominates world fund management for foreign institutions and governments and all these City operations have Freemasons in prominent positions.25 More than 500 foreign banks have offices in the City and in 1993 UK-based banks accounted for 16% of lending worldwide, an astonishing figure for these small islands. The interlocking directorships between these banks and businesses are simply breathtaking. I can only give you a selection of them here, but they will give you a feel for what is going on:
  • Sir Peter Ingram Walters: deputy chairman since 1992 of HSBC Holdings (the Hong and Shanghai Bank, a heart centre of global drug money laundering); BP director (1973-90); BP Chemicals chairman (1976-81); Lloyds Register of Shipping (1976-90); National Westminster Bank director (1981-89); Midland Bank director (1991-94); Blue Circle Industries chairman (1990-); London Business School governor (1981-91); National Institute of Economic and Social Affairs governor (1981-90); SmithKline Beecham director (1989-); Thorn EMI director (1989), deputy chairman (1990-)
  • Sir Martin Wakefield Jacomb: Practised at the Bar, Inner Temple 1955-68; Bank of England director (1986-95); Hudson’s Bay Company director (1971-86); Barclays de Zoete Wedd chairman (1986-91); Barclays Bank deputy chairman (1985-); Telegraph Newspapers director (1986-); Commercial Union Assurance director (1988-); Rio Tinto director (1991-); British Council chairman (1992-).
     
  • Sir John Chippendale Keswick: Bank of England director (1993-); Hambros Bank chairman (1986-); Charter Consolidated director; De Beers director (1994-); Edinburgh Investment Trust director; Queen’s Body Guard for Scotland; Royal Company of Archers.
     
  • Sir Christopher Anthony Hogg: Bank of England director (1992-); Courtaulds chairman (1980-94); Reuters Holdings chairman (1985-); SmithKline Beecham director (1993-); International Council of J. P. Morgan (1988-); Ford Foundation trustee (1987-)  
  • Sir George Adrian Hayhurst Cadbury: Bank of England director (1970-94); Cadbury Schweppes chairman, deputy chairman, and managing director (1969-89); IBM director (1975-); served on the Panel on Takeovers and Mergers (1990-); Committee on Aspects of Corporate Governance chairman (1991-).
     
  • Lord Howe of Aberavon (Geoffrey Howe): Glaxo Wellcome director (1991-); Queen’s Privy Council and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1979-83); Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1983-89); deputy prime minister (1989-90); Sun Alliance and Insurance Group director (1974-79); BICC director (1991-); Framlington Russian Investment Fund (1994); International Council of J. P. Morgan.
     
  • Lord William Rees-Mogg: General Electric director (1981-); Times Newspaper editor (1967-81); Times Newspapers director (1968-81); Sidgwick and Jackson chairman (1985-88); British Arts Council chairman (1982-88); American Trading Company chairman (1992-); International Business Communications plc chairman (1993-); J. Rothschild Investment Management director (1987-); St James’s Place Capital director (1991-); Broadcasting Standards Council chairman (1988-93); Telegraph Newspapers director. (VN:  Remember, this is the same company that was going to try and poison us with their mercury ladened light bulbs.  We got that stopped, but that is just how dangerous this family is to America and to Americans.  No way can these people be allowed to run a planet, I can't even imagine it.)
And finally, how about this for a Brotherhood CV?
  • Lord Armstrong of Illminster: British Treasury civil servant (1950-64); assistant secretary of the Treasury (1967-68); private secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer (1954-55 and 1968); principal private secretary to Prime Minister Edward Heath (1970-75); permanent under-secretary of state (1977-79); Cabinet Secretary (1979-87); head of the Home Civil Service (1981-87); Rhodes Trust 1975); Inchcape director (1988-); N.M. Rothschild director (1988-); Rio Tinto director (1988-); Shell director (1988-); Royal Opera, Covent Garden director (1988).26
Imagine the power you have to control events when you control all these companies and the governments making decisions affecting those companies. Add to that the control of the media via organizations like the BBC, the Reuters news agency, Hollinger Inc., Thomson, News Corporation, Pearson, Reed Elsevier, The Washington Post, New York Times, NBC, CBS, ABC, etc, etc... and you control the world. More than that, the people don’t know this is happening and therefore you can continue indefinitely without challenge or exposure. (VN:  Boy has that changed now,  make this go viral, he is so right)

One of the banks close to the Queen is Hambros plc, a Black Nobility stronghold based in Tower Hill, London. Joseph Hambro was a banker to the kings of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, and did much business with the Rothschilds. His son, Carl Joachim Hambro, moved from Copenhagen to London in 1839 and four years later Parliament passed legislation to make Hambros a ‘British’ bank. Like the Rothschilds, the Hambros family made much of their fortune funding wars and, again like the Rothschilds, they became heavily involved in British Intelligence.

J. H. ‘Jack’ Hambro, the head of the firm from 1933, ran the United Kingdom Corp, the economic warfare operation of British Intelligence during the First World War. His son, Sir Charles Hambro, was director of the elite Special Operations Executive during the Second World War while Victor Rothschild was also manipulating events within the British Intelligence network. It was the Special Operations Executive (SOE) which formed the company now known as Hollinger Inc., the media giant headed by Conrad Black, the son of the SOE agent who helped to set it up.

Sir Charles Hambro’s son, Lord Hambro, now heads the firm. His CV includes Guardian Royal Exchange Insurance (chairman); the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, the drug running operation during the Opium wars, now known as P & 0 (director); San Paolo Bank Holdings (director); and the Conservative Party (senior treasurer).

Also on the Hambros Board are Sir Chippendale Keswick of the infamous drug running family who is also connected with De Beers, Anglo-American and the Bank of England among many others; Hambros director, Lord Kingsdowne, has a CV including Glaxo Wellcome, the Bank of England, National Westminster Bank, Redland plc, Foreign and Colonial Investment Trust, National Economic Investment Council, and the Ditchley Foundation, a Brotherhood circle which interlocks with others like the Bilderberg Group.

Also among the Hambro directors are Lord Halifax and John Clay, a director of the Guardian Media Group which claims to be ‘anti-establishment’ while being part of the web. In the 1970s, a Hambros director was Lord Carrington, close associate of Henry Kissinger and chairman of the Bilderberg Group from 1991. It was during the 1970s that Hambros had a significant stake in a bank called the Banco Privata which was involved in the P2 Freemasonry scandal and was connected to the bank at the centre of the scandal, Ambrosiano Bank.

The coordinator of this fraud was Michael Sindona, the main shareholder in Banco Privata and another of his holding companies, La Centrale Finanzaria, had Jocelyn Hambro and Evelyn de Rothschild on the board. The Sindona financial network was funding P2 and bleeding the Vatican Bank of enormous sums. In turn, P2 was funding and organizing terrorism in Italy including the bomb which killed 85 people at Bologna railway station.

Exposure of P2 was followed by the murder, in accordance with Freemasonic ritual, of the head of the Ambrosiano Bank, Roberto Calvi under Blackfriars Bridge in London alongside the financial district. I bet the Hambro clan were so relieved that he wasn’t able to talk. Sindona later said that Freemasons from South America had carried out the killing. Each part of the network sub-contracts its assassinations to another branch to make the truth harder to establish.

The Hambros operation, like all the others, stinks so high it would take the world’s supply of deodorant to suppress the stench. But save your most powerful air freshener for the Queen and the House of Windsor. They are connected with all the titled criminals who are ripping off the planet and causing death, destruction and misery all over the world. And get this: if you are British you are paying them to do it!

The Windsors are knowingly part of this web and their public face is a mere facade to hide the cesspit from which they operate behind the scenes. This control cascades out of London to the rest of the world where the Elite bloodlines rule on behalf of the reptilian Agenda.   (Continued in Part III - Windsor Power)

The article is reproduced in accordance with Section 107 of title 17 of the Copyright Law of the United States relating to fair-use and is for the purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.

3 comments:

Anonymous said...

Who controls the trading routes controls the wealth, whatever the name you give them, They hide under different names and are as a stateless State (within a state, like parasites, get it?) Phoenician, Venetian, Portugese, Dutch, or English. Before that Sumer? Maybe, but what before that? Reptilian?
(.)
"They" had remarkable qualities concerning boatbuilding, for centuries. There is only one country where most of the dominant European Nations ordered the majority of their fleets since medieval times(for trading and for purposes of war) and this country had the greatest docks on Earth since Alexander the Great went there. Till the Time of Steel build they were dominant on the Globe. (and when the British left they destroyed these docks) The first part of the book of Marco Polo concerning his trip to India, is only about Indian shipbuilding. The Templars gave their fleet to the Portugese and they were build in India.
Erik Blessing

Vatic Master said...

What you said about the trading routes is exactly why the Khazars got kicked out of Khazaria. They were disrupting and interferring with the silk road trading path whereby they used Khazarias rivers to move goods from east to west and vice versa. Khazarian Mongols would charge a fee to use the river when no one else on the planet did that. They also began to charge when they got off the river and that was the last straw.

They are definitely NOT HUMAN. Of that I have no doubt. What they are is yet to be determined documentably. I suspect that documentation is in England, Israel and the Vatican. Now that is an idea...... hmmmm..... lol

Anonymous said...

Waddell: Phoenicians were a long headed White Blue eyed Aryan, not Semitic race, they carried the knowledge wich later emerged as the civilisations as Minoan Crete, classic Greece and Roman Italy. They were also the brains behind the Egyptian Culture before it was hijacked by the Reptilians.
But Aliens/Reptilians were around the Globe even before 5000 years, in the previous Yuga(s), but suppressed by the then present Global Vedic Civilisation, so I would go for the Vedas. There they are mentioned frequently.
If you go for the scriptures as mentioned by you, Phoenicians were also mentioned as Cassi, Kassi and the builder of Solomons Temple was also Phoenician, his name is Hiram-Abif, also the father of ToetAnkHamen
was a Phoenician High-Priest.
By the way, Bush is of Ptolemy descent.
Erik Blessing